Highway-Urban and Rural Area
An area is defined as urban area when it has certain population. Rural area refers to the area outside the urban area. Highway network in these are…
Showing posts from September, 2021Show all
Highway-Movement Hierarchy
There are six stages of travel movement: 1. main movement – uninterrupted high-speed flow. 2. transition – prepares driver from high-speed flow t…
Gradient Method for Pipe Network
Gradient method may be used to solve any pipe network, regardless of whether it is looped or not. This method solves for the head of nodes and flow r…
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Linear Theory for Pipe Network
Other than Hardy Cross method, linear theory can be used when we encounter a situation where multiple supply nodes exist in the looping pipe network.…
Retaining Structures-Reinforced Earth
Reinforced earth consists of reinforcing strips which are embedded in the backfill. The friction developed between the strips and backfill aids in …
Retaining Structures-Strutted Excavation
When performing deep, narrow excavation, sheet piles are driven and struts are installed in stages throughout the excavation. The soil behaves diff…
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