Vertical and Horizontal Curves for Road and Railway
When designing road or railway alignment, we often use parabolic curve for vertical alignment and circular curve for horizontal alignment. Depending …
Masonry
Masonry units such as stone and brick are normally used to construct a masonry wall. Mortar is used to bind the masonry units together. A masonry w…
Mineral Admixtures
Mineral admixtures are used as substitute for part of the cement or sand in concrete mix. They are derived from other substances rather than being …
Chemical Admixtures
Chemical admixtures are used to change the properties of either fresh or hardened concrete. It is common to apply small quantities of admixtures an…
Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) Dynamic System
A single degree of freedom (SDOF) system is the simplest model which may be used to idealize a complex engineering dynamic system. One of such exampl…
Concrete Durability
Concrete should be durable enough to avoid deterioration due to freeze-thaw cycle, sulfate attack and aggregate-alkali reaction. Freeze-thaw cycle …
Marshall Mix Design Info Sheet
Marshall mix design is a widely implemented method to determine the optimum asphalt content (OAC) prior to the road construction. Test specimens with…