Foundation-Pile Group Settlement
In a pile group, the settlement of each pile influences its surrounding soil. As a result, additional settlement may be induced in other piles. Gen…
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Foundation-Pile Group
A pile foundation may consist of a group of piles, joined by pile cap at the top and typically spaced at 2 to 4 timers the pile diameter. There are…
MDOF-Holzer's Method
Holzer’s method derives its equation by using method of section and treating all elements above the cut spring element a rigid body. The equilibrium …
Foundation-Pile Static Load Test
Pile load testing is conducted to reduce the uncertainties present when designing pile using empirical properties. Static load test is commonly use…
Foundation-Pile Negative Skin Friction
For a pile driven through clay layer, negative skin friction may occur when the layer is consolidating. The consolidation of clay drags the pile do…
MDOF-Rayleigh's Principle
Rayleigh’s Principle applies the principle of conservation of energy. From here, we can derive equations that help us to determine the first mode and…
Foundation-Pile Under Tension
A pile may carry tension when it is provided as an anchorage against uplift force. Piles in a pile group subjected to horizontal force and moment may…
Foundation-Pile Settlement Using Hyperbolic Method
Hyperbolic method is introduced by Fleming in 1992. This method can be used for both rigid and compressible pile. When the pile is rigid, its settl…
MDOF-Iterative Method
Iterative method is one of the methods we use to determine the normalized mode shape of MDOF system. This method requires us to conduct iterative cal…
Foundation-Pile Settlement Using T-z Method
In T-z method, a pile is split into multiple elements. Each of them attached a linear elastic spring that models the soil-pile interaction. This me…
Foundation-Pile Settlement Using Randolph and Wroth Method
Randolph and Wroth method analytically determine the pile settlement by assuming the soil behave elastically until failure. The pile base is then c…
Normalization of Vibration
Normalization is a process that scales the dynamic responses of a structure to produce modal responses. These modal responses are useful in estimatin…
Foundation-Pile Resistance from CPT Data
Cone penetration test (CPT) test result can be adopted directly for displacement pile design, due to the similarity between CPT and its installation …