Retaining Structures-Rankine and Coulomb Theories
Rankine’s theory calculates lateral earth pressure solely based on friction angle, assuming the wall is smooth. Coulomb’s theory allows rough wall …
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Retaining Structures-Lateral Pressure
Due to interparticle friction, soil slides at an angle equivalent to its internal friction angle. Thus, lateral pressure exerted on structure is de…
Axial Force, Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams for Frame
When encountering a frame, we need to determine axial force developed in it, in addition to shear force and bending moment. For a statically determin…
Retaining Structures-Active and Passive Conditions
Retaining structure movement is allowed during design. When structure is moving away, soil mass collapses and push toward the structure. It is now …
Five Useful Pipe Design Formulas
Head loss is an important aspect in pipe design. The loss in pipe flow energy may lead to insufficient head to reach the highest supply level in down…
Retaining Structures-Drained and Undrained Conditions
When a saturated soil is loaded, water is being squeezed out from soil matrix. However, clay is still considered undrained as their pores is small …
Retaining Structures-Soil Strength Parameters
There are two strength parameters for soil: Friction angle depends on angularity and interlocking of soil particles. Cohesion is commonly seen in…
Complete Guide to Deal with Inclined Member
Inclined member can be troublesome especially when the loading applied on it is not parallel to any of its local axis. As a rule of thumb, the load n…
Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams for Beam
What should we do if we want to determine the internal force developed in an overhanging beam i.e. shear force and bending moment? First, we check th…